Your assignment is to analyze a piece of fake news, using the source criticism criteria that we have gone through before.
Different kinds of fake news
Remember that the purpose of the fake news affects both the consequences of it and possibly they way it is being spread.
Some fake news are more like jokes or satirical texts, that some people take literally. This can have negative effects and cause a lot of misunderstanding.
Some fake news are stories made up to make money, like click baits where websites will get money for all the web traffic they can achieve to their site. But how do these news affect us?
Also, some fake news are published with the intention of affecting us and our opinions. These fake news can definitely have severe consequences, and can often reach a very large number of people. Even after they have been debunked as fake news they still do their evil work.
Images
Pictures are incredibly powerful when conveying a message. Studies show that a staggering part of the things we share online we never actually read - we only pay attention to the headlines and the pictures. So being critical towards images is absolutely necessary. For this you may need a reverse image search tool (there are several to choose from, Tineye.com is one and Google image search has a function for it as well).
Source criticism criteria
Tid/närhet (Time)
Tendens (Bias)
Beroende (Dependency)
Äkthet (Authority)
For explanations about the criteria, look in the presentation.
Here is the presentation from todays class:
Visar inlägg med etikett Engelska. Visa alla inlägg
Visar inlägg med etikett Engelska. Visa alla inlägg
måndag, oktober 01, 2018
onsdag, september 05, 2018
Fake news
Your assignment is to analyze a piece of fake news, using the source criticism criteria that we have gone through before.
Different kinds of fake news
Remember that the purpose of the fake news affects both the consequences of it and possibly they way it is being spread.
Some fake news are more like jokes or satirical texts, that some people take literally. This can have negative effects and cause a lot of misunderstanding.
Some fake news are stories made up to make money, like click baits where websites will get money for all the web traffic they can achieve to their site. But how do these news affect us?
Also, some fake news are published with the intention of affecting us and our opinions. These fake news can definitely have severe consequences, and can often reach a very large number of people. Even after they have been debunked as fake news they still do their evil work.
Images
Pictures are incredibly powerful when conveying a message. Studies show that a staggering part of the things we share online we never actually read - we only pay attention to the headlines and the pictures. So being critical towards images is absolutely necessary. For this you may need a reverse image search tool (there are several to choose from, Tineye.com is one and Google image search has a function for it as well).
Source criticism criteria
Tid/närhet (Time)
Tendens (Bias)
Beroende (Dependency)
Äkthet (Authority)
For explanations about the criteria, look in the presentation.
Here is the presentation from todays class:
Different kinds of fake news
Remember that the purpose of the fake news affects both the consequences of it and possibly they way it is being spread.
Some fake news are more like jokes or satirical texts, that some people take literally. This can have negative effects and cause a lot of misunderstanding.
Some fake news are stories made up to make money, like click baits where websites will get money for all the web traffic they can achieve to their site. But how do these news affect us?
Also, some fake news are published with the intention of affecting us and our opinions. These fake news can definitely have severe consequences, and can often reach a very large number of people. Even after they have been debunked as fake news they still do their evil work.
Images
Pictures are incredibly powerful when conveying a message. Studies show that a staggering part of the things we share online we never actually read - we only pay attention to the headlines and the pictures. So being critical towards images is absolutely necessary. For this you may need a reverse image search tool (there are several to choose from, Tineye.com is one and Google image search has a function for it as well).
Source criticism criteria
Tid/närhet (Time)
Tendens (Bias)
Beroende (Dependency)
Äkthet (Authority)
For explanations about the criteria, look in the presentation.
Here is the presentation from todays class:
Etiketter:
Engelska,
HT18,
Malin Marcusson,
Therese Persson,
VO18
måndag, april 16, 2018
Repetition av källkritik i Engelska 5
I samband med er gruppuppgift att hitta bästa möjliga info om ett land och hålla ett anförande om landet på The Comonwealth and Friends Ctizenship conference, så repeterade vi de källkritiska begreppen som vi gick igenom på samhällskunskapen i höstas.
Source criticism (Källkritik)
Den engelska terminologin för de källkritiska kriterierna (source criticism criteria) är:
Source criticism (Källkritik)
Den engelska terminologin för de källkritiska kriterierna (source criticism criteria) är:
- Bias (= Tendens, när information är vinklad av politiska, ekonomiska, religiösa skäl etc).
- Authenticity (= Äkthet, att informationen stämmer, är korrekt, kan bekräftas från andra källor osv).
- Time (=Tid/närhet, att informationen antingen är uppdaterad och färsk eller att den ligger nära händelsen, dvs är från samma tid som det informationen handlar om).
- Dependency (=Beroende, när man använder flera källor för att bekräfta något är det viktigt att de inte är kopplade till varandra, t.ex. att de inte är skrivna av samma person, har samma ägare eller använt samma referenser).
Primary and secondary sources
Vi pratade även om primärkällor/förstahandskällor, sekondärkällor/andrahandskällor och tertiärkällor/tredjehandskällor. På engelska kallas dessa primary source, secondary source, tertiary source. En primärkälla ligger nära händelsen, t.ex. ett ögonvittne eller ett objekt från stenåldern. Desto längre bort från händelsen man kommer, desto större är risken att informationen är förvanskad, feltolkad, ändrad osv. Därför är det bra att till största del använda primär- och sekundärkällor, om möjligt.
Search engines and databases
Slutligen pratade vi även om skillnaden mellan sökmotorer och databaser.
Sökmotor = Search engine = en sökfunktion som är programmerad att söka bland andras innehåll. Det jobbar inga människor med att skapa innehållet, utan man jobbar endast med maskinen och dess programmering.
Databas = database = en sökfunktion som söker i sitt eget innehåll. Här jobbar människor med att lägga in innehållet, och det är oftast en viss slags information, t.ex. böcker, artiklar, forskning etc.
Eftersom sökmotorn söker av mer information som inte är ordnad på något särskilt sätt så kan det vara svårt att få fram relevant och bra material. Då kan det vara bättre att söka upp en databas, som innehåller den slags information man är ute efter. Men en databas kan också ge för smalt resultat, så man kan behöva kombinera olika databaser. Oftast är det så att det innehåll som finns i en databas kan man inte söka fram med en sökmotor.
Vi avslutade med en gruppövning, där ni i grupp fick välja 2 källor och diskutera dem utifrån de källkritiska kriterierna. Frågor som ni diskuterade:
- How would you evaluate the sources based on the criteria? For instance, how do you evaluate Athenticity (äkthet) in Britannica? Do you do it the same way with Wikipedia?
- Why is the source biased or not biased or slightly biased? Why are/aren't the sources dependent on each other?
- Is the source a database or a search engine? Why?
- Is it a primary, secondary or tertiary source? Why? Can you find a closer source (for instance secondary instead of tertiary)?
Att diskutera källor och valet av källor med andra är en bra metod för att få igång tankarna om källkritik.
tisdag, april 10, 2018
Fake news, English 5
"Fake news" has become an expression with wings - it has flown over the world this past year, not only when news have indeed been fake but also when they have not been fake.
Different kinds of fake news
Fake news can be very different depending on the purpose and context of the news. For instance, there are news that aren't intended to be taken seriously. They are jokes, parodies or satires that mean to criticise or make fun of something. But if, or when, these "news" are taken seriously they could cause damage.
Another kind of fake news are so called click baits. The purpose of these are to make money from people clicking a link, and thereby creating a lot of internet traffic to a certain site. In order to get people to click, the headline must be interesting, maybe even provocative - they are often sensational but rarely true.
A third kind of fake news is the kind where the people behind the news want to affect you and your opinion about something. There is often a political or ideological purpose, and the content is often a complex or sensitive subject (like imigration, the environment, and so on). In some recent political elections, so called troll factories seem to have been used to spread fake news to affect peoples opinions.
Fake news affect us
All of these fake news affect us, but in different ways. You may think that a fake video of a girl who got revenge on some guys who harassed her doesn't do any harm because it doesn't spread a fake message, but it may still affect you and your view of women, men, the world etc.
Also, if we get used to things around us being fake - how does that affect us? A Swedish politician said that even though he knew that a piece of news was fake, he was still upset and angry about what the news said. Will our world view be based on things that aren't real? What consequences will that lead to?
Images
Both fake and non-fake news use images. We are used to images, and they make us react stronger to the news. Fake news will of course use this by using images that are manipulated or fake, or by cropping the images so that they show only a part of the reality. Sometimes the image has nothing to do with the news at all, it is from a completely different situation. How can we find out these things?
The answer is "reverse image search". This means that you upload an image and search the web for wherever that image has occurred before. You can see wehere and when it was published first, if it has been edited or cropped, and so on. Remember that for most reverse image searches you have to upload the image from your computer - so if you find fake news that use an image, save that image to your computer and then upload it in a reverse image search tool.
There are many different reverse image search tools:
Different kinds of fake news
Fake news can be very different depending on the purpose and context of the news. For instance, there are news that aren't intended to be taken seriously. They are jokes, parodies or satires that mean to criticise or make fun of something. But if, or when, these "news" are taken seriously they could cause damage.
Another kind of fake news are so called click baits. The purpose of these are to make money from people clicking a link, and thereby creating a lot of internet traffic to a certain site. In order to get people to click, the headline must be interesting, maybe even provocative - they are often sensational but rarely true.
A third kind of fake news is the kind where the people behind the news want to affect you and your opinion about something. There is often a political or ideological purpose, and the content is often a complex or sensitive subject (like imigration, the environment, and so on). In some recent political elections, so called troll factories seem to have been used to spread fake news to affect peoples opinions.
Fake news affect us
All of these fake news affect us, but in different ways. You may think that a fake video of a girl who got revenge on some guys who harassed her doesn't do any harm because it doesn't spread a fake message, but it may still affect you and your view of women, men, the world etc.
Also, if we get used to things around us being fake - how does that affect us? A Swedish politician said that even though he knew that a piece of news was fake, he was still upset and angry about what the news said. Will our world view be based on things that aren't real? What consequences will that lead to?
Images
Both fake and non-fake news use images. We are used to images, and they make us react stronger to the news. Fake news will of course use this by using images that are manipulated or fake, or by cropping the images so that they show only a part of the reality. Sometimes the image has nothing to do with the news at all, it is from a completely different situation. How can we find out these things?
The answer is "reverse image search". This means that you upload an image and search the web for wherever that image has occurred before. You can see wehere and when it was published first, if it has been edited or cropped, and so on. Remember that for most reverse image searches you have to upload the image from your computer - so if you find fake news that use an image, save that image to your computer and then upload it in a reverse image search tool.
There are many different reverse image search tools:
- tineye.com - is good because you can arrange the search results based on time, so that you get the oldest published image first.
- google image search - can be used for revser image search, simply click the camera icon and upload your image.
- google chrome - when using this browser you can right click any image and do a reverse google image search.
There are many others as well. By searching for "reverse image search" you can find other websites and also apps for your smartphone.
Source criticism criteria
For all news, it is important to practice using source criticism. We discussed these criteria last semester, here is a repetition in English:
- Bias (tendens) - are there interests in the matter (economical, political, ideological, religious?)
- Authenticity (äkthet) - getting the information confirmed from several different sources, looking up facts, places, people, timelines, dates etc.
- Dependency (beroende) - when using different sources, make sure they are independent from one another (for instance not the same author, owner or references)
- Time (tid/närhet) - when was it published? How close to the event?
Also, don't forget to think about competence/expertise. It's important to question if the source is knowledegable in the field, if they have expertise or if there are others with more expertise.
If you need help with your assignment, or if you want to discuss fake news or source critcism, you are welcome to ask us at the library!
Good luck!
måndag, mars 19, 2018
Developing searching and source criticism - using correct terminology
Since previous sessions about searching and source ciritcism have been in Swedish, this time we will go through the correct terminology in English and also practice using that terminology when talking about sources and searching.
Source criticism criteria:
Time (närhet) = how old ord new a source is. Remember that sometimes old is good - it depends on your subject and what you need the information for.
Dependency (beroende) = two sources can be dependent on each other if they base their information on the same source. It is preferable to find sources not dependent on each other.
Authenticity (äkthet) = Is the source genuine? Is the information correct?
Bias (tendens) = potential interests may make a source biased, for instance financial, political, religious and ideological interests. Remember that just because a source is biased doesn't mean that it's useless.
Different kinds of sources:
Primary sources = was there when something happened. Could be a witness, an object, or the original study of a reasearch team.
Secondary sources = retells the story/information of the primary source. For instance an interview in an article, or a shortened version of a research study.
Tertiary sources = retells the information of a secondary source.
Relevant terms in searching for information:
Search engine = a search tool made only out of programming. It has no content of it's own but searches only for material available through the surface web. There are different algorithms to make the search result as relevant to you as possible, but there are no people behind the search result.
Database = a search tool made out of programming AND content. It searches only whatever content has been put into it by people. The content is put into the database under specific subject terms, based on what the material is about, to make them easier to find. Databases are usually specialized in certain kinds of information, like articles, books, research etc.
Search words = the terms and combination of terms we use when searching.
Search results = the list of matches we get from the search words we have used. Search results differ depending on search words, search tool, and possibly (when using search engines) our previous searching etc.
Why is it important to use the correct terminology?
To know something is closely related to having a language for it. Most fields of knowledge have specific terms and a language tradition. Outside of school/work/education it may be enough to describe things using an everyday language, but the higher you get in education the more you will be expected to use the language and terminology of that field. In doing so you will also understand the texts of that field. By knowing these terms in source criticism and searching you are expected to be able to understand when these words are used, and to develop your own way of thinking.
Source criticism criteria:
Time (närhet) = how old ord new a source is. Remember that sometimes old is good - it depends on your subject and what you need the information for.
Dependency (beroende) = two sources can be dependent on each other if they base their information on the same source. It is preferable to find sources not dependent on each other.
Authenticity (äkthet) = Is the source genuine? Is the information correct?
Bias (tendens) = potential interests may make a source biased, for instance financial, political, religious and ideological interests. Remember that just because a source is biased doesn't mean that it's useless.
Different kinds of sources:
Primary sources = was there when something happened. Could be a witness, an object, or the original study of a reasearch team.
Secondary sources = retells the story/information of the primary source. For instance an interview in an article, or a shortened version of a research study.
Tertiary sources = retells the information of a secondary source.
Relevant terms in searching for information:
Search engine = a search tool made only out of programming. It has no content of it's own but searches only for material available through the surface web. There are different algorithms to make the search result as relevant to you as possible, but there are no people behind the search result.
Database = a search tool made out of programming AND content. It searches only whatever content has been put into it by people. The content is put into the database under specific subject terms, based on what the material is about, to make them easier to find. Databases are usually specialized in certain kinds of information, like articles, books, research etc.
Search words = the terms and combination of terms we use when searching.
Search results = the list of matches we get from the search words we have used. Search results differ depending on search words, search tool, and possibly (when using search engines) our previous searching etc.
Why is it important to use the correct terminology?
To know something is closely related to having a language for it. Most fields of knowledge have specific terms and a language tradition. Outside of school/work/education it may be enough to describe things using an everyday language, but the higher you get in education the more you will be expected to use the language and terminology of that field. In doing so you will also understand the texts of that field. By knowing these terms in source criticism and searching you are expected to be able to understand when these words are used, and to develop your own way of thinking.
fredag, mars 09, 2018
Search log for conspiracy theory assignment (English 7)
In English 7 the grading criteria says that students should be able to choose and use strategies to search for relevant information, structure it and assess the reliability of different sources.
In order to practice doing this, and enable the teacher to see your search strategy, you will be using search logs when searching for information about a chosen conspiracy theory.
In this film I explain to you how to use the search log, and also why it is important to learn and improve strategies for searching. Many times our strategies are old habits that we don't think about or think through. This is an opportunity to become aware of your search strategies and improve them.
I you prefer to read instructions about how to use the search log, here is a short summary of the film:
The search log consists of 6 questions that you are supposed to answer for each search that you do. You copy the questions and paste them further down in your document, under headlines like "Search 1", "Search 2", etc.
The questions are found at the top of the search log that is available to you through google drive or google classroom. There you also find a search log example that I used while showing you the search log - use that example as a template of how you should use the search log.
It's important to use other search channels than just Google - on the school library website you find resources such as Britannica (an encyclopedia) and Ebsco (a database for articles from news papers, magazines and scientific journals). Learn more about these in the end of the film.
3 important things to remember:
The search log is also about improving your searches, for instance by using trampolines (= new search words that you find in the texts you find and read). By documenting and using trampolines, each search you make will be better than the one before - giving you more relevant and useful information, and also making you more knowledgable in your topic.
You will (or should) do more searches than you have use for. Since you should be critical towards your sources you should choose the best, most relevant and most reliable sources.
And finally - documenting your searching through this search log is going to take more time than what you may be used to. This is natural, since you are learning something new and are developing your search strategies. After a while of practice, searching with this kind of documentation will get easier and quicker - that is partly why we do this now, so that you will have practiced this kind of structured searching before going to university.
In order to practice doing this, and enable the teacher to see your search strategy, you will be using search logs when searching for information about a chosen conspiracy theory.
In this film I explain to you how to use the search log, and also why it is important to learn and improve strategies for searching. Many times our strategies are old habits that we don't think about or think through. This is an opportunity to become aware of your search strategies and improve them.
I you prefer to read instructions about how to use the search log, here is a short summary of the film:
The search log consists of 6 questions that you are supposed to answer for each search that you do. You copy the questions and paste them further down in your document, under headlines like "Search 1", "Search 2", etc.
The questions are found at the top of the search log that is available to you through google drive or google classroom. There you also find a search log example that I used while showing you the search log - use that example as a template of how you should use the search log.
It's important to use other search channels than just Google - on the school library website you find resources such as Britannica (an encyclopedia) and Ebsco (a database for articles from news papers, magazines and scientific journals). Learn more about these in the end of the film.
3 important things to remember:
The search log is also about improving your searches, for instance by using trampolines (= new search words that you find in the texts you find and read). By documenting and using trampolines, each search you make will be better than the one before - giving you more relevant and useful information, and also making you more knowledgable in your topic.
You will (or should) do more searches than you have use for. Since you should be critical towards your sources you should choose the best, most relevant and most reliable sources.
And finally - documenting your searching through this search log is going to take more time than what you may be used to. This is natural, since you are learning something new and are developing your search strategies. After a while of practice, searching with this kind of documentation will get easier and quicker - that is partly why we do this now, so that you will have practiced this kind of structured searching before going to university.
Etiketter:
Engelska,
John Mulak,
Malin Marcusson,
Therese Persson
fredag, december 01, 2017
Källkritik - Controversial people
Uppgiften går ut på att träna på att läsa och granska information. Ni ska läsa en text och träna på att granska utifrån ett-två av nedanstående källkritikskriterier. Ni jobbar i smågrupper där olika personer jobbar med olika kriterier. Ni delar med er av era reflektioner i gruppen och får på så vis en helhet av de olika kriteriernas roll i texten.
Källkritikskriterier (Source criticism criteria):
Äkthet (Authenticity)
Är källan det den utger sig för att vara? Stämmer informationen?
Hur granska? Kolla upp namn, fakta, platser, datum m.m. som framgår i informationen. Kolla upp författare, ansvarig utgivare m.m.
Tid/Närhet (Time)
Detta kriterium har två aspekter: det kan ibland vara relevant att en källa ligger nära händelsen i tid, även om det betyder att källan är gammal. Om källan är publicerad långt efter händelsen så blir informationen ofta väldigt annorlunda. Men ibland är det relevant att ha så ny information som möjligt. Detta gäller bland annat statistik och kunskapsområden där det kommer mycket ny information.
Hur granska? Kolla publiceringsdatum, senast uppdaterat-datum, googla på "Link: webbadressen" för att se när adressen kom till.
Beroende (Dependency)
Ni har säkert hört att det är bra att använda sig av flera källor, för desto fler källor som säger samma sak desto mer troligt att informationen stämmer. Men detta gäller främst om källorna är oberoende av varandra. Många källor kan t.ex. hämta sin information från samma ställe, vilket innebär att de inte är oberoende.
Hur granska? Gå igenom alla källor, var de hämtat sin information ifrån. Se om de kommer från olika ställen, och om de ger samma eller olika bild av ämnet.
Tendens (Bias)
Är källan vinklad? Det kan handla om att det finns olika intressen av att framställa ämnet på ett visst sätt. Kanske är intresset politiskt, religiöst, ekonomiskt osv. Här kan man ofta fokusera på författare, avsändare, ansvarig utgivare - tillhör de en organisation etc med särskilda åsikter? Vad har de att vinna eller förlora på att ämnet framställs på ett visst sätt?
Hur granska? Leta fram Om-avsnitt på webbsidor, googla på namn, organisationer m.m.
Kunnande (Expertise)
En viktigt aspekt är såklart om källan man har hittat innehar rätt kunskap. Det kan handla om författarens kompetens eller de personer som har blivit intervjuade, tillfrågade etc. Om det är en organisation kan det handla om vilka som jobbar där, var de hämtar sin information osv. Vad har de för kunskaper, erfarenhet och utbildning? Är de experter, och i så fall inom vad? Om de är forskare, vad forskar de inom? Om vi ska tro att det de säger är pålitligt behöver vi bedöma deras kunnande.
Hur granska? Vanligt google-sökande på personen/personerna brukar räcka.
För att underlätta er läsning och granskning ska ni tänka på vissa saker innan, under och efter läsningen:
Innan läsningen:
- Diskutera med gruppen vad ni vet om personen. Kolla snabbt på wikipedia om ni inte känner till något på förhand, så att ni har lite kunskap om personen innan ni börjar läsa.
- Se över hur lång texten är, hur den är indelad osv. Titta på rubriker för att få en uppfattning om vad texten kommer att handla om.
- Fundera på vem som ligger bakom texten, var den är publicerad osv.
Under läsningen:
- Stryk under/markera de ställen i texten som är relevanta för dig och det kriterium som du fokuserar på. På så vi är det lättare att gå tillbaka och läsa om efteråt.
- Pausa i läsningen och fundera på/sammanfatta vad du läst. Diskutera gärna med en kompis.
Efter läsningen:
- Titta översiktligt på texten igen, repetera de olika delarna, sammanfatta huvudbudskapet.
- Tänk igenom hur "ditt" kriterium syns i texten och påverkar innehållet. Skriv ner. Diskutera med gruppen.
onsdag, september 13, 2017
Grunderna i informationssökning åk 1
Google
Att i grunden veta hur Google fungerar borde vara allmänbildning, eftersom Google är vår dörr till internet. Det är oftast Google du använder för att hitta information oberoende av om du går i skolan eller jobbar. Google styrs av det du har sökt på innan, det vill säga din sökhistorik, men även andras sökhistorik, hur länge du stannar på en sida med mera.
Vi styrs mycket av våra tidigare sökningar, vilket innebär att våra åsikter och intressen i hög grad påverkar vilken information vi får fram via Google. Detta kallas FILTERBUBBLA - att vi får information som bekräftar våra åsikter och intressen, istället för information som motsäger dem. Detta gör att det är jätteviktigt att man inte bara använder Google när man söker på information kring komplicerade ämnen.
Google är inte en källa - och söker inte av hela internet
Google kan endast söka på vissa delar av internet, den synliga webben - webbsidor, publika uppslagsverk, bloggar m.m. Om man vill hitta andra slags källor, som tidskriftsartiklar, böcker, viss forskning, dokumentära filmer m.m., så måste man leta på den djupa webben eller den osynliga webben - t.ex. databaser och kataloger som finns bakom lösenord.
En bra sökmetod
För att skriva och genomföra bra skoluppgifter behöver man ha en bra sökmetod, då detta påverkar mer än du tror. Tittar du i kursplaner och läroplaner för gymnasiet står det att man ska träna på att söka, granska och sammanställa information från olika källor.
Steg 1 - dina förkunskaper
En bra sökmetod börjar i din hjärna - med dina förkunskaper. Därför bör du innan du börjar söka, fundera på vad du kan om ämnet. Börja skriva upp detta som en så kallad mindmap. Detta bildar en bra grund för dina sökningar och sökord.
Steg 2 - breda sökningar
Dina första sökningarna du gör får gärna vara breda - dvs. du söker på allmänna ord inom ämnet. Här är Google och uppslagsverk som NE och Wikipedia är bra för dessa sökningar.
Steg 3 - smala sökningar, olika källor
Smala sökningar innebär att man kombinerar ord och därmed får fram mer specifik information. Oavsett var du söker så behöver du använda olika sökord och kombinationer av ord för att få fram bra information. Här kommer din mindmap bra till pass, för där har du ju skrivit upp olika ord, infallsvinklar m.m. Fortsätt fylla på med den nya informationen du hittar!
Du behöver röra dig utanför Google och Wikipedia för att hävda att du har en sökmetod och att du använder olika källor. Du ska därför även använda t.ex. Artikelsök.
Vad är Artikelsök?
Artikelsök är ett exempel på hur man hittar annan information än den som Google kan söka fram. Det är en databas där man kan söka på tusentals artiklar från dagstidningar och tidskrifter. Alla artiklarna finns inte att läsa digitalt - mycket bra information är inte fritt tillgänglig eftersom den kostar pengar - men då kan man beställa dem via biblioteket.
I de här filmerna kan du repetera hur Artikelsök fungerar.
Etiketter:
Engelska,
Ida Carleson,
RL17A,
Svenska,
Therese Persson
torsdag, april 27, 2017
Fake news
Till den här uppgiften ska ni välja en falsk nyhet och arbeta med den utifrån ett antal olika perspektiv. Ni ska bland annat resonera kring syftet med den falska nyheten, och konsekvenser den kan få. För detta kan det ju vara relevant att ha lite koll på vad som kännetecknar en falsk nyhet, och varför de sprids på det vis de gör.
En falsk nyhet är ju precis som det låter - en nyhet som innehåller falsk eller felaktig information. Men andelen felaktigheter kan variera; ibland är hela nyheten påhittad, ibland är bara en liten del felaktig. Ibland kan även nyheten vara medvetet påhittade/falsk - men inte med syfte att lura, utan att på ett humoristiskt sätt lyfta en fråga (kallas för satir).
En viktig del av både syftet och konsekvenserna av fake news hänger på att de sprids. På lektionen gick vi igenom varför vi går på falska nyheter och sprider dem:
En falsk nyhet är ju precis som det låter - en nyhet som innehåller falsk eller felaktig information. Men andelen felaktigheter kan variera; ibland är hela nyheten påhittad, ibland är bara en liten del felaktig. Ibland kan även nyheten vara medvetet påhittade/falsk - men inte med syfte att lura, utan att på ett humoristiskt sätt lyfta en fråga (kallas för satir).
En viktig del av både syftet och konsekvenserna av fake news hänger på att de sprids. På lektionen gick vi igenom varför vi går på falska nyheter och sprider dem:
- Bekräftelse - budskap som stämmer med våra åsikter är lättare att tro på
- Närhet - vi tror i högre grad på sådant som är delat av vänner, bekanta, eller människor vi tycker om och ser upp till (t.ex. kändisar)
- Titlar - vi har lättare för att lita på en person med en titel, t.ex. experter och forskare. Det är en legitim tillit om tituleringen är sann och relevant för sammanhanget, och om det inte råder väldig oenighet mellan olika forskare/experter.
- Socialt - ju fler som gillar något desto större är risken att vi dras med
De här punkterna kan fungera som varningsfaktorer för oss, för de gör oss mindre källkritiska!
Andra saker som kan vara viktiga att tänka på vad gäller de bakomliggande syftena med falska nyheter:
- ekonomiska vinningar (sk clickbaits). Det här exemplet kanske ni känner igen - tjejen som blir trakasserad av en lastbilschafför och hämnas.
- så kallade troll och fenomenet "trollfabriker" - dvs. organiserade försök att från flera håll sprida felaktig information för att påverka människors åsikter.
Exempel på fake news:
Så hur ska du göra för att granska en nyhet? Börja såhär:
1. Gå till källan! Kolla efter länkar till sådant (kan vara andra nyheter, artiklar etc) som nyheten hänvisar till.
2. Ta reda på mer om händelsen - sök i en söktjänst. Tips är att gå igenom texten efter nyckelord, t.ex. plats, tid, namn, citat.
3. Vem har delat/spridit? Kolla upp personen/organisationen - verka de trovärdiga? Vad har de delat tidigare? Vad är deras syfte?
4. Försök hitta andra källor - gärna oberoende av varandra och av olika slag. Det är t.ex. inte så relevant om både Nya tider och Fria tider säger samma sak, då de är väldigt lika och sprider ofta samma nyheter.
5. Sök på bilderna i nyheten - kommer bilden från den händelsen? Är den beskuren eller redigerad?
3 sätt att söka på bilder:
- använd en tjänst som tineye.com - du laddar upp din bild från datorn (spara ner den från nyheten först), och så kan du rangordna resultatet efter datum osv. Jämför olika versioner.
- använd googles bildsök - ladda upp en bild från datorn.
- om du använde Chrome så kan du högerklicka på en bild och klicka på "Sök på google efter bild".
Och slutligen - tips för hur du granskar en webbsida (vilket du mycket väl kan komma att behöva göra för uppgiften):
- Finns det ett "Om"-avsnitt på hemsidan? Vad står det om de som har gjort sidan?
- Vad säger webbadressen? Vilket land? Är det en .nu-sida eller en .org-sida? Kan du kolla upp domänen och se vem som skapade sidan?
- använd en allwhois-tjänst, t.ex. http://allwhois.org/ eller www.whois.com
- för svenska adresser och .nu-adresser, används iis.se
- Googla webbsidans namn eller namnet på de som ligger bakom webbsidan. I vilka sammanhang dyker de upp? Se till att kolla flera olika sorters källor.
Vi frågor, funderingar m.m. kom gärna förbi biblioteket!
Här ser ni en film om konsekvenser av falska nyheter och bristande källkritik:
Här ser ni en film om konsekvenser av falska nyheter och bristande källkritik:
tisdag, februari 07, 2017
Conspiracy project with English 7
Your assignment is to do research on a conspiracy theory that has a following in the US or another part of the English speaking world. You are to search for information from different perspectives, and apply source criticism to what you find.
It's the strategy-part that we will focus on here. You probably use strategies that you are not aware of all the time. Now is the time to become aware! We will practice search strategies by not just searching for information, but searching in a structured way and practice the routine of critically evaluating while searching. For this you will use a search log.
It will also help you move forward in you research. By filling in so called "trampolines" you find new words to do new and more narrow searches with. Remeber that you have to try different search words and combinations wherever you are searching - only then can you claim to have a strategy for finding relevant information in a structured way.
Another important aspect of the search log is documenting your critical evaluation of each source. In the far right column you will write about the credibility of each source. Here you should think about things like:
1. Once you have your topic - start mapping your knowledge on the subject: Write down everything you can think of about the conspiracy theory in a mindmap or a google document.
Why is this step important? Because the knowledge you already have is like hooks for all the new information you are going to find - you need to hang your new knowledge on your old one. This is also a great way of figuring out what different search words you can use.
2. Fill up your knowledge map by doing basic searches - and reading what you find. A good place for this is encyclopedias of different kinds, for example Britannica online and Wikipedia, or using a search engine like Google. Try finding just basic information for a start.
Remember that googling is not the same as searching the internet, and it's extra important to do many different searches. Make sure to use more than one source and to search in different places - otherwise you will risk using only a certain kind of source (and the criteria for English 7 is using different kinds of sources).
3. Further searching - when you've done some basic reading about your conspiracy theory you need to go deeper and find sources that analyse and question the topic. You will need both an inside perspective (from those who believe in the conspiracy theory) and an outside perspective (from those who are critical). Again, you need several different sources for each argument or claim.
Artikelsök - for finding articles in newspapers and magazines that are not searchable in Google
AV-Media media catalogue - great for finding documentaries etc.
There might also be student essays or other scientific publications from universities: you can search in for example DiVA, Google Scholar or Ebsco.
From the grading criteria for grade E:
"Eleven kan med viss säkerhet använda strategier för att söka relevant information, strukturera den och värdera olika källors tillförlitlighet."It's the strategy-part that we will focus on here. You probably use strategies that you are not aware of all the time. Now is the time to become aware! We will practice search strategies by not just searching for information, but searching in a structured way and practice the routine of critically evaluating while searching. For this you will use a search log.
Using the search log
The search log is there to help you do structured searches, for example by documenting the search words you use and by looking up the sources that a source refers to. The search log will help you become aware of your own search process, you will be able to go back to what you've found and remember the content of each source.It will also help you move forward in you research. By filling in so called "trampolines" you find new words to do new and more narrow searches with. Remeber that you have to try different search words and combinations wherever you are searching - only then can you claim to have a strategy for finding relevant information in a structured way.
Another important aspect of the search log is documenting your critical evaluation of each source. In the far right column you will write about the credibility of each source. Here you should think about things like:
- Who has written the text? Are they experts? Where have they gotten their information from?
- What does the source say? Does it include different perspectives or is it one-sided? Can you confirm the content from other sources?
- Why was this written? Are there financial, political or other interests at stake?
- Sometimes it's relevant to look at a timeline - when was it written? Has something important come to light since the publication of this text?
How to start
The first step is to choose your topic. In the assignment description you'll find a list of different conspiracy theories to choose from, but you may also have ideas of your own or want to explore other conspiracy theories. A simple google search or browsing through a library book on conspiracy theories in general may help.1. Once you have your topic - start mapping your knowledge on the subject: Write down everything you can think of about the conspiracy theory in a mindmap or a google document.
Why is this step important? Because the knowledge you already have is like hooks for all the new information you are going to find - you need to hang your new knowledge on your old one. This is also a great way of figuring out what different search words you can use.
2. Fill up your knowledge map by doing basic searches - and reading what you find. A good place for this is encyclopedias of different kinds, for example Britannica online and Wikipedia, or using a search engine like Google. Try finding just basic information for a start.
Remember that googling is not the same as searching the internet, and it's extra important to do many different searches. Make sure to use more than one source and to search in different places - otherwise you will risk using only a certain kind of source (and the criteria for English 7 is using different kinds of sources).
3. Further searching - when you've done some basic reading about your conspiracy theory you need to go deeper and find sources that analyse and question the topic. You will need both an inside perspective (from those who believe in the conspiracy theory) and an outside perspective (from those who are critical). Again, you need several different sources for each argument or claim.
Places for further searching:
Library catalogue - for finding books.Artikelsök - for finding articles in newspapers and magazines that are not searchable in Google
AV-Media media catalogue - great for finding documentaries etc.
There might also be student essays or other scientific publications from universities: you can search in for example DiVA, Google Scholar or Ebsco.
Etiketter:
Engelska,
Informationssökning,
John Mulak,
Källkritik
Prenumerera på:
Inlägg (Atom)
